Getting to Know Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV): A Cause of Respiratory Infections to Watch Out For

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is an RNA virus that is one of the causes of respiratory tract infections in humans. This virus was first identified in the Netherlands in 2001, although it was believed to have existed long before its discovery. HMPV is a member of the Paramyxoviridae family, which also includes other respiratory viruses such as RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) and parainfluenza viruses.

Symptoms of HMPV Infection

HMPV infection can cause a variety of symptoms, ranging from mild to severe, depending on the age and health of the sufferer. Here are some common symptoms that often occur:

• Cough

• Have a cold

• Fever

• Sore throat

• Difficulty breathing (especially in more serious cases)

• Bronchiolitis (inflammation of the small airways in the lungs)

• Pneumonia (infection and inflammation of the lungs)

In healthy people, symptoms are usually mild and similar to the common cold. However, in susceptible people, the infection can be more severe.

Vulnerable Groups to HMPV

Some groups are more susceptible to complications from HMPV infection, including:

1. Children under 5 years of age

2. Adults aged 65 years and over

3. Patients with weakened immune systems , such as those with HIV/AIDS or organ transplant recipients

4. Patients with chronic respiratory diseases , such as asthma or COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)

How HMPV is Transmitted

HMPV is spread through:

• Direct contact with sufferers , for example through hand contact or being close to someone who is infected.

• Air (droplets) , which are spread when the sufferer coughs or sneezes.

• Touching a contaminated surface , followed by touching the mouth, nose, or eyes.

Prevention Methods

Prevention is the main step to protect yourself from infection. Here are some preventive steps that can be taken:

• Wash your hands regularly with soap and running water.

• Wear a mask , especially in crowded places or if you are sick.

• Avoid crowds during flu season or when there is an outbreak.

• Use a disinfectant to clean frequently touched surfaces.

Treatment of HMPV Infection

There is currently no specific treatment for HMPV, so treatment usually focuses on alleviating symptoms and speeding recovery. Steps that can be taken include:

• Enough rest

• Hydration to keep the body hydrated

• Antiviral drugs , which may be prescribed for severe cases

• Oxygenation in patients with difficulty breathing

• Supportive care , such as steam therapy to help breathing

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory virus that often goes unnoticed but can cause serious problems in vulnerable groups. By understanding the symptoms, risk groups, and how to prevent it, we can take steps to protect ourselves and those around us. If you or someone close to you experiences symptoms of a severe respiratory infection, consult a medical professional immediately to get the right treatment.

Source: Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia